On February 5, 2010, the Carolina Hurricanes recalled Justin Peters from Albany after Cam Ward suffered an upper body injury.

After eight seasons within the Hurricanes organization, Peters left as a free agent to sign a two-year contract with the Washington Capitals on July 1, 2015.

While returned to the Roadrunners, Peters (along with Justin Hache) were traded to the Dallas Stars in exchange for Brendan Ranford and Branden Troock on February 1, 2017.

[6] Having spent his first ten professional seasons in North America, on June 30, 2017, Peters signed a one-year deal with Latvian club Dinamo Riga of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

On January 11, 2018, Peters was named to Canada's men's hockey team delegation to the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeonchang, South Korea, where they won the bronze medal.