She gained widespread acclaim for directing the Anatomy of a Fall which debuted at the 76th Cannes Film Festival where she won the Palme d'Or becoming the third female director to win the award.

[7] Shadows in the House or Des ombres dans la maison (2010), shot, edited, and directed by Triet, focuses on Paulo Gustavo's life with his mother who struggles with alcoholism.

[16] In 2023, her courtroom thriller Anatomy of a Fall was presented at the 2023 Cannes Film Festival,[17] where it won the Palme d'Or, making Triet the third female director to win the award.

[24] Triet listed two works each by Gus Van Sant (Gerry and Psycho), Robert Zemeckis (What Lies Beneath and Contact), and Frederick Wiseman (Juvenile Court and Welfare), as well as three by Richard Fleischer (Mandingo, The Boston Strangler, See No Evil).

[28][29] While receiving her Palme d'Or at the 2023 Cannes Film Festival, Triet declared her support for the pension reform protest movement and opposed to President Emmanuel Macron's repression of it.

[32] Triet's speech was criticized by Macron's party, right-wing activists and politicians, and by French culture minister Rima Abdul Malak, who said she was "flabbergasted by such unfair comments.

[34][31] According to Variety, several French insiders claimed that Triet was "punished" for criticizing Macron when France's Oscar committee chose to submit The Taste of Things over Anatomy of a Fall to represent the country in the Best International Feature Film category at the 96th Academy Awards.