Jutta Langenau (née Großmann; 10 October 1933 – 9 July 1982) was a German swimmer who won a gold medal at the 1954 European Aquatics Championships, setting the first official world record in the 100 m butterfly at 1:16.6 minutes.

[1][2] She also competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics in same event and finished sixth.

In 1954 she was the first sportswoman elected into the Volkskammer (People's Chamber), the parliament of former GDR, representing the Free German Youth (FDJ).

After the birth of her third child she was a sports teacher in a polytechnic high school in Erfurt.

Among her students was the Olympic swimmer Roland Matthes.