Kadaru language

Kadaru (also Kadaro, Kadero, Kaderu, Kodhin, Kodhinniai, Kodoro, Tamya) is a Hill Nubian language spoken in the northern Nuba Mountains in the south of Sudan.

[3] According to Ajang people, they all belong to one language group and although some sounds and words might have changed with time, they can understand each other quite well.

In the Middle Ages, the Nubian language was used as lingua franca of the Sudan and was used in writing, commerce and by the government.

[5] According to Ali Obeid Birema, Kadero should be considered as a diminishing language caused by the influence of Arabic and the ever-decreasing number of speakers.

[5] Ethnologue reports that there are six dialects spoken by six clan groups living on six separate hills: Kadaru (Kodur), Kururu (Tagle), Kafir (Ka’e), Kurtala (Ngokra), Dabatna (Kaaral) and Kuldaji (Kendal).

The Western form used by the Berko people at Habila (southwest of Jebel Sitta, neighbouring the Ghulfan) may be another dialect or a separate language.

Contrary to Sudanese Arabic, Kadaru-Kurtala labial plosives are voiceless in the final position of the word.

Tagle (Kururu) language also from Jibaal as-Sitta shows more tendency of tonality with three tones: falling, high and low.

[4] Adapted Latin script is considered the best option for spelling of Ajang languages because of its flexibility, availability of many symbols, and the possibility to indicate tone.

[4] b [b], c [S], d [d], f [f], g [g], h [h], j [dz], k [k], 1 [1], Ir[c], m [m], n [n], ng [n], ny[n], r [r], t [t], th [t], w [w], y [j][clarification needed] a [a], e [e], i [i], o [o], ø [o], u [u][4] Diagraphs are considered a solution to the challenge of writing of all eleven vowels present in Ajang languages.

[3] Uncu, a closely related language to Kadaru, shows evidence of verbal number in its grammatical structure.

[2] In Kordofan Nubian possessive adjectives are derived from personal pronouns by adding the genitive linker -n.[2] Examples from Tabaq language.

I do not know them all, I only hear about them.’ Number of loan words: 6 out of 42 = 14.3% deviation Allijir lowaariko, fi alkharif neji belkureein.

‘In summer we come in lorries, in rainy season we walk.’ Number of loan words: 5 out of 7 = 83.3% deviation PLR:plurative REP:plural action SSC:same subject converb