Kalathur comes under the Peravurani assembly constituency which elects a member to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly once every five years and it is a part of the Thanjavur (Lok Sabha constituency)[5] which elects its member of parliament (MP) once in five years.

It has an average elevation of 34 m (112 ft) and is located in the southeast part of the Thanjavur District 15 km from the Coromandel coast.

The village is a part of the fertile Cauvery delta region,[6] and agriculture is the principal occupation of the people of Kalathur.

[8] As of the 2011 Census of India, the village comprises 1576 families residing with a population of 6,424[9] of which 3190 are males while 3234 are females.

[citation needed] The state highways SH29 and Major District road 829 pass through Kalathur.