Kalmunai's strategic position along the eastern coast of Sri Lanka has played a significant role in shaping its history and culture.

The city faced numerous challenges, including forced disappearances, civil unrest, and violence targeted at local civilians.

[citation needed] Kalmunai is situated on the eastern coast of Sri Lanka, bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east.

[6] Kalmunai's geographical features, including its proximity to the ocean and neighboring villages, have shaped its identity and provided opportunities for economic growth.

The city's agricultural sector primarily focuses on rice cultivation, horticulture, and fishing, utilizing the fertile land and coastal resources.

[15][4] The city's administration collaborates with the central government to implement development projects, improve infrastructure, and address the needs of the local population.