[1] A single forward and back movement of the trigger guard, which could be done in 1–2 seconds, readied the weapon for firing.

[1] Members of the family later moved to other areas of Europe, including Denmark, France, The Netherlands, England and Russia.

[1] This patent specified muskets and pistols that were capable of firing 8-10 shots with a single loading, while retaining the weight, length and handing of a standard firearm.

[1][8] A year later in 1641, Peter Kalthoff obtained a Dutch patent for a rifle which could fire 29 rounds before reloading.

[1] Later that year, another Dutch patent was granted to an individual named Hendrick Bartmans.

[1] This patent specified a gun with separate magazines for powder and ball, a 30 shot capacity, and a trigger guard that could be rotated to reload the weapon.

Repeaters made by Matthias Kalthoff, who also worked in Denmark, have an initially straight trigger guard with a right angle formed by the carrier.

[11] In 1649, a pair of repeating pistols made by a gunsmith with the surname Kalthoff were reported to have been sent to King Frederik III.

[1] In Germany, wheellock repeaters were made by an individual referred to as the 'Master of Gottorp' (who was likely a gunsmith named Heinrich Habrecht).

[19] Kalthoff guns using cylindrical breeches were also made by Jan Flock of Utrecht, some of which he advertised for sale in 1668.

[5] On a Kalthoff gun signed By Mortensen, the powder passage is a separate component rather than being part of the lock.

[1] At least one gun of this type also featured a coil spring behind the breech block which served to close the gap between it and the barrel.

[1] The second variation used a vertical cylindrical breech block, stored powder beneath the lock, and had a capacity of up to 10 shots.

[3] However, when fully loaded the balls amounted to about a 1 kg (2.2 lb) of weight, which changed the weapon's center of gravity.

[24][10] A carrier attached to the trigger guard took the powder from the magazine to the breech, so there was no risk of an accidental ignition in the reserve.

[5] When the lever was rotated forwards fully, the carrier aligned with a hole at the front of the lock plate.

[1] Cocking the mechanism and closing the frizzen was achieved by a toothed bar that interfaced with a cogwheel attached to the lever.

[1] In 1648, after Frederik III succeeded his father, he ordered that the Scanian Guard be equipped with Kalthoff repeaters.

[5] Despite having a remarkably fast fire rate for the time, the Kalthoff could never have become a standard military firearm because of its cost.

[2] Also, all the parts were interdependent; if a gear broke or jammed, the whole gun was unusable and only a specialist gunsmith could repair it.

[2] Repeatedly firing the weapon created a buildup of powder fouling, making the lever increasingly hard to operate.