Kamijima Station was established on December 6, 1909 with a single island platform .

It was renamed as Enshū-Kamijima Station (遠州上島駅, Enshū-Kamijima-eki) in 1926, reverting to its original name in 2012.

Freight operations began in 1956 with the completion of a large oil terminal nearby; freight operations were discontinued in 1975.

The tracks were elevated and reconfigured to dual side platforms from 2008–2012.

[1] Media related to Kamijima Station at Wikimedia Commons