The line connects Matsumoto with Shinshimashima, the transportation gateway to Kamikōchi and the Hida Mountains.

[3][4] With the raising of the overhead power supply voltage to 1,500 V DC in December 1986, the line's fleet was replaced by four two-car former Tokyu 5000 series EMUs.

[5] The line opened on 2 October 1921 as the Chikuma Railway (筑摩鉄道) from Matsumoto to Niimura, electrified at 600 V DC.

[5] The line was extended to Shimashima Station [ja] (now closed), opening on 26 September 1922.

[5] In September 1983, landslides caused by Typhoon Forrest resulted in suspension of services on the line beyond Shinshimashima to Shimashima.