Kaminokawa is located in the southeastern Tochigi Prefecture, approximately 90 kilometers north of Tokyo metropolis.

Tochigi Prefecture Kaminokawa has a Humid continental climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall.

The villages of Kaminokawa, Hongo and Tako were created within Haga District on April 1, 1889 with the creation of the modern municipalities system.

Kaminokawa has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 14 members.

In terms of national politics, the town is part of Tochigi 1st district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.