Kampala Convention

[8][9][10] The situation and presence of internally displaced persons (IDPs) is not a recent occurrence in human history, but rather due to societal factors gained a larger audience after the Cold War.

[13] Several states within the African continent, including Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, and Somalia, are among the five nations with the largest displacement situations globally.

[8] The primary factor that most of these displacement situations can be attributed to is violence, which can further be related to histories of colonialism, external intervention, and social and physical conflicts within states.

[10] Environmental factors, and their impact on human populations, are particularly pronounced in Africa, although it is the area of the World with the least contribution to anthropogenic climate change.

[1] The Convention reinforces in legal sense that the primary duty of lending support and ensuring and providing protection to internally displaced persons is that of the State's.

[17] The Convention explicitly links internal displacement specially in the fields of violence, war, human rights violations, and environmental depreciation.

[19] The treaty includes provisions, specifically Article 3, detailing and expanding the rights of internally displaced persons mainly associated with climate change and factors relating to the environment.

[14]Through documents like the Convention, states hope to be able to reduce this by supporting systems, groups, and individuals aimed at advocating and serving the interests of IDPs.

[13] It has been widely accepted that the Convention's terms, regulations, and definitions have greatly expanded upon formerly utilized and related legal documents and treaties, especially the 1998 Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement.

[21][22] Although ratification of the Convention has occurred in most African Union states, questions related to the larger and more pivotal enforcement execution processes have been raised— including in nations such as Nigeria, in which over one million IDPs reside.

[13] Scholarly studies and articles have concluded that women and children experience unique forms of hardship in the context of regional, national, and supranational conflict.

[10] The Norwegian Refugee Council has also echoed these sentiments— adding that full consideration and analytic and developmental measures should be taken by the States to ensure the women and girls benefit from the Convention, especially in the fields of housing and property ownership.

Group of internally displaced persons arrives in Munigi, Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2013
Children are photographed outside their flooded makeshift home in Kismayo, Somalia , in 2014. Environmental factors and anthropogenic climate change have significantly altered the lives of IDPs in Africa.
Large array of makeshift homes in an IDP camp in Hiran, Somalia (2014)
Women and children line up outside a water distribution area in an IDP camp in Hiran, Somalia , in 2016. The implications of the Kampala treaty for women and special populations have recently been emphasized in scholarly and international organization analyses of the Convention.