Kampinos Group

Due to the increasing number of "burned" conspirators in the winter of 1943 and 1944, a small partisan unit was organized in the Kampinos Forest area under the command of Second Lieutenant Antoni Frydrych, alias "Parys".

[19] Another severe blow was the death of the commander of the Kedyw of the VIII District, Second Lieutenant Marian Grobelny, alias "Macher", and four other soldiers shot by Zaborów gendarmes in an ambush near Sieraków (24 June 1944).

In addition, the VIII District was tasked with seizing the Łomianki factory and workshops in Dziekanów Leśny, taking over transportation means on the Vistula river, and blocking the Modlin road at the Młociny Forest [pl].

[32][33] During the nearly month-long march, sneaking between the broken German units on the Eastern Front, the group covered a distance of several hundred kilometers, crossing the Neman, Shchara, and Bug rivers along the way.

The climax of the journey occurred on July 25 when "Góra's" soldiers, thanks to a clever military ruse, crossed the heavily guarded bridge over the Vistula near Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki without a fight.

[39][40] On July 27, however, the Home Army High Command [pl], through Captain "Szymon", ordered Lieutenant "Góra" to march to the Tuchola Forest in the Gdańsk Pomerania, announcing at the same time that he himself would face a drumhead court-martial for collaboration with the Germans.

This order, which Stanisław Podlewski [pl] later described as "mad and insane",[41] in practice condemned the group to destruction because the Borderland soldiers had no chance of penetrating hundreds of kilometers into German-controlled territory.

[53] The most serious engagement occurred in Aleksandrów, where on the morning of July 31, the Naliboki units completely routed a Wehrmacht company, killing nearly 50 Germans and capturing a considerable amount of weapons and ammunition.

[85][86][87] Later that same night, "Dulka" convened his officers for a meeting in Sieraków, during which he pointed out the critical situation of the uprising in his opinion and announced that due to a lack of trust from superiors,[d] he was relinquishing command of the battalion.

[117] Additionally, it is worth mentioning that around August 3–4, approximately 160 soldiers from the 3rd District of the 2nd Home Army Żoliborz Subdistrict, commanded by Captain Władysław Nowakowski [pl], alias "Serb", arrived in the Kampinos Forest.

[128][131] In the meantime, Colonel Karol Ziemski, alias "Wachnowski", to whom the insurgent units in Żoliborz and the Kampinos Forest were subordinated as part of the Home Army's Północ Group [pl], attempted to organize relief for the besieged Warsaw Old Town, under attack by the Germans.

With no communication with Major "Okoń" and unaware of the difficulties he encountered while attempting to reach Żoliborz, Ziemski decided not to wait for further developments and to compel the Kampinos units to immediately set off for Warsaw.

On August 14, he sent a radio message to "Szymon", ordering him to form a strike force from the ranks of the Kampinos Group and transfer it to the Wola cemeteries area in case "Okoń" was absent.

Furthermore, the defenders were supported by an armored train, and the area in front of the tracks was flanked by German artillery and machine gun fire from nearby locations such as the Chemical Institute [pl], Buraków, the Warsaw Citadel and Fort, and Romuald Traugutt Park.

He claimed that the "forest" fighters incurred losses limited to several dozen killed and wounded that night,[161][162] and the emerging opportunity to break through the German defenses was squandered due to mistakes made by Lieutenant Colonel "Żywiciel" and his staff.

[164] However, several mistakes made during the initial assault were repeated – adequate reconnaissance of enemy positions was neglected, the "forest" fighters were not provided with local guides, and the soldiers were excessively burdened with additional supplies of weapons and ammunition.

According to General Pełczyński's order, the main task of the forest units was to receive airdrops made by Allied aircraft and organize regular deliveries of weapons, ammunition, food, and equipment to the besieged capital.

In a battle lasting less than half an hour, an 80-strong cavalry unit commanded by Captain "Nieczaj" and Second Lieutenant "Dąbrowa" completely crushed the enemy outpost, killing between 60 and 100 Kaminski Brigade troops.

On September 2, the Home Army Chief Commander, General Tadeusz Komorowski, alias "Bór", appealed to the Polish authorities in London to cease the airdrops by Allied aircraft over the Kampinos Forest.

Three cavalry squadrons, supported by Lieutenant "Lawa's" aviation platoon, burned down the facility along with the accumulated building materials, killing over 30 Germans and capturing a considerable amount of weapons and ammunition.

Particularly successful was the attack on a German transport unit bivouacked at the manor in Pilaszków, during which Polish lancers captured 254 head of cattle and several wagons loaded with food, cigarettes, and cognac (September 8).

Responsible for collecting the containers and securing the drop zones was a roughly 50-person "airdrop platoon" detached from the Palmiry-Młociny Regiment, led by Second Lieutenant Józef Karney, alias "Drewno".

Jerzy Koszada reported that there were four drop zones within the "Independent Republic of Kampinos":[240] Already on the night of August 4/5, the "Chochla" station, still under the command of the Błonie District, received an Allied airdrop of weapons and equipment.

[246] On the other hand, the Command of the Western Subdistrict of the Home Army "Hajduki" proposed to Major "Okoń" the dissolution of the group, offering at the same time assistance in the deployment of soldiers and their care.

[249] In the anti-partisan operation, codenamed Sternschnuppe (Falling Star"), a combined tactical group under the command of General Friedrich Bernhard took part, equipped with artillery, armored vehicles, and air support.

[260][261] Thanks to reports from agents and information provided by captured civilians, the Germans became aware that the Poles had begun to retreat, but they failed to determine the direction of the march and the location of the Polish group's stop.

[265] Shortly before midnight on September 29, Polish soldiers reached the vicinity of Wiejca, where they broke through without major difficulties the barrier set up by the collaborationist 308th Russian Battalion, connecting Leszno with Kampinos.

However, the prolonged halt and the still too slow pace of the march resulted in German armored vehicles sent in pursuit intercepting the rear guard of the Kampinos Group during the crossing of a small wooden bridge over the Utrata river.

[275][276][277] However, many officers received this decision with great concern, as it was known that an enemy pursuit was already following the Kampinos Group, and the vast meadows where the Polish units stood were very difficult terrain to defend, favoring the Germans with their firepower advantage.

[363][364] In Kiełpin, there is also a monument erected at the initiative of veterans of the Kampinos Group, commemorating the crew of the American B-17 aircraft shot down on 18 September 1944 over Dziekanów Leśny during a supply mission to the Warsaw Uprising.

Monument in Sieraków commemorating villagers killed during World War II
Adolf Pilch , alias "Góra"/"Dolina"
Plaque on the wall of the church in Wiersze , commemorating the participation of Lieutenant Pilch and his soldiers in battles in the Kampinos Forest
A memorial site on Michalina Street in Warsaw dedicated to Home Army soldiers killed in attacks on Bielany airfield
Soldiers of the so-called Sochaczew Battalion of the Kampinos Group, originating from the Western Subdistrict of the Home Army "Hajduki"
Plaque on the wall of the church in Wiersze, commemorating the soldiers of the Wola Subdistrict who fought in the ranks of the Kampinos Group
Plaque on the wall of the church in Wiersze, commemorating the soldiers of the Legion Battalion fighting in the ranks of the Kampinos Group
Soldiers of the aviation platoon of Lieutenant "Lawa" setting out to relieve Warsaw. Wiersze , 19 August 1944
Plaque on the wall of St. Mary Magdalene Church in Warsaw's [ pl ] Wawrzyszew , commemorating soldiers of the Kampinos Group killed in the attacks on Warszawa Gdańska railway station
"Żywiciel" quarter at the Powązki Military Cemetery . In addition to soldiers of Żoliborz Subdistrict , soldiers of the Kampinos Group who died during the attacks on Warszawa Gdańska railway station and in the defense of Żoliborz are buried there
Chancellery of the command of the Kampinos Group in Wiersze
Trophy car park
Soldiers of the aviation company listening to the broadcast of the Błyskawica radio station
Plaque on the wall of the church in Wiersze , commemorating the benevolent attitude of Hungarian soldiers towards insurgents and civilians
Monument in memory of soldiers from the Jerzyki Company of Special Combat Units [ pl ] killed in battles in the Pociecha area
Monument in Truskaw , commemorating, among other things, the victorious outing of the "Dolina" unit on the night of 2/3 September 1944
Aviation company soldiers photographed while marching out on an outing
The first day of Operation Sternschnuppe . German air raid on the headquarters of the Kampinos Group command in Wiersze
Major "Okoń" speaking to soldiers before marching out of the Kampinos Forest
Soldiers of the aviation company of Leutienant "Lawa" during the retreat from the forest
Monument at the war cemetery in Budy Zosine
Plaque on the wall of the church in Wiersze commemorating the civilian population and the sacrifices they made after the fall of the "Independent Republic of Kampinos"
Plaque on the grounds of the Cistercian Wąchock Abbey commemorating the soldiers of the Kampinos Group, who continued fighting in the Kielce-Radom area after the fall of the Warsaw Uprising
The cemetery in Budy Zosine. Resting there are 132 soldiers of the Kampinos Group killed near Jaktorów
War cemetery in Laski, where, in addition to several hundred soldiers killed in September 1939, rest the remains of Home Army soldiers killed in the attacks on Bielany airfield
Partisan cemetery in Wiersze
Monument to Home Army soldiers killed in attacks on Warszawa Gdańska railway station on Mickiewicza Street in Warsaw
Monument to the "Independent Republic of Kampinos" in Wiersze