At the age of 15, Mbodji joined the Diambars academy in Dakar, Senegal.

[4] After regularly starting for Genk in defence and winning the 2012–13 Belgian Cup, his contract was extended until June 2018.

[6] On 30 August 2018, one day before the closing of the 2018 summer transfer window, Mbodji moved to Ligue 1 side FC Nantes on loan for the 2018–19 season.

[6] His loan ended early, in January 2019, with Mbodji citing lack of playing time.

[7] On 20 July 2019, Al-Sailiya signed Kara Mbodji for three season from Anderlecht.