Karain is a complex of caves that consists of three main chambers and corridors, separated by calcite walls, narrow curves and passageways.

[1] A fragment of a Neanderthal cranium discovered and dated confirms human habitation since the early Paleolithic age between 150,000 and 200,000 years ago.

[2][3] Researchers documented the continuity of human presence in the cave for a period of more than 25,000 years, from the Mesolithic, through the Neolithic and the Chalcolithic, to the Bronze Age.

In the subsequent layers lithic figurines and bone sculptures have been found, that suggest relations to the nearby Hacilar culture.

The attention of researchers was especially drawn to the carving of a human face, stylistically similar to the products of the Natufian culture which flourished in the Levant during the Mesolithic period.