Kashipur (Kumaoni: Kāshīpur [kaːʃiːpʊr]) is a city of Udham Singh Nagar district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and one of its seven subdivisions.

Kashipur was ceded to British in 1801, after which, it played a major role in the conquest of Kumaon during the Anglo-Gorkha war in 1815.

[3] After Kumaun was ceded to the British under the Treaty of Sugauli, Kashipur became the headquarters of Terai district in the Kumaon division.

The modern town of Kashipur was founded by Kashinath Adhikari, the governor of Tarai under King Devi Chand of Champawat.

Bishop Heber, in his book Travels in India wrote that Kashipur was founded by a deity named Kashi 5000 years back (approx 3176 BC).

[8]: 175 [10] Sir Alexander Cunningham invalidated his views in his book, The Ancient Geography of India, in which he wrote "the good bishop was grossly deceived by his informant, as it is well known that the town is a modern one, it having been built about AD 1718 by kashi-nath, a follower of Raja Devi-Chandra of Champawat in Kumaon".

[11]: 357–358  Badri Datt Pandey in his book Kumaun Ka Itihaas, contradicting Cunningham's views, claimed the town to be founded in 1639.

At 29°13′N 78°57′E / 29.22°N 78.95°E / 29.22; 78.95,[15] and 180 kilometres (110 mi) northwest of New Delhi,[16] Kashipur is located in the south-west of the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand in the Terai – an area of relatively low-lying land, ranging between 500 and 1,000 feet (150 and 300 metres) above sea level and crossed by Kumaon's main north–south watershed between the basins of the Rivers Ramganga and Kosi.

To the north of the city lies the Bhabar tract of Ramnagar, which separates the area from Shivalik Hills.

[17][18] Several rivers and stream cross the region transversely and leave their deposit making the land fertile.

According to the Bureau of Indian Standards, the town falls under seismic zone 4, in a scale of 2 to 5 (in order of increasing vulnerability to earthquakes).

[21][22]: 27 Kashipur has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cwa),[23] like much of the Indo-Gangetic Plains to its south, with average maximum temperatures in summer (June) being around 31.6 °C (88.9 °F); and in winter (January) around 14.5 °C (58.1 °F).

[22]: 13 The climate of Kashipur is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year.

In summer, Kashipur is largely under the influence of moist, maritime airflow from the western side of the subtropical anticyclonic cells over low-latitude ocean waters.

[22]: 13  The coldest month is usually quite mild, although frosts are not uncommon, and winter precipitation is derived primarily from frontal cyclones along the polar front.

As per provisional data of 2011 census Kashipur had a population of 121,623 roughly equal to the nation of Kiribati,[26] out of which males were 63,625 and females were 57,985.

The city's religious profile is highly diverse, Kashipur has a large number of people from Muslim, Sikh and Christian communities.

The major language spoken in the city are Kumaoni and Hindi The Kashipur Tehsil had a population of 283,136 in 2011.

[30] In addition to Kashipur itself, the tehsil includes the towns of Mahua Kheraganj and Kachnal Gosain, along with 73 other villages.

[35] Elections to the Kashipur Municipal Corporation were held in 2013, and Usha Chaudhary, an Independent politician was voted into power.

Fertile land, coupled with water availability, makes the region an intensively cropped area.

Apart from Rice and Wheat, major produces are sugarcane, mango, guava, jamun, jack fruit and litchi.

Industrial development coupled with rich agricultural cash crops practices made this area more prosperous, relative to other parts of Kumaon region.

Because of cheap and abundant raw materials available, several paper and sugar mills already have a presence in the city.

Kashipur Junction railway station (KPV) is connected to Ramnagar, Kathgodam, Moradabad, Bareilly, Lucknow, Kanpur, Varanasi, Mumbai, Chandigarh, Agra, Jaisalmer, Haridwar and Delhi by rail network.

[45] Kashipur is home to four colleges affiliated to the Kumaun University, Nainital: Radhey Hari Government P.G.