Due to its diversity, the kingdom lived and worked by the principles of Kashmiriyat, which existed harmoniously within the cultural and religious pluralism of the Sultanate.

Besides the Delhi Sultanate, Kashmir, along with Bengal, Gujarat, and Sindh, were considered strong political and martial allies, even interfering in one another's internal problems.

With the beginning of the Muslim epoch, Indo-Islamic architecture was observed alongside Kashmiri Art evolving into an Islamic-Kashmiri style of infrastructure and designing.

[9] In 1320, a Mongol commander, Zulju, with an army of Qara'unas, entered Kashmir and, after perpetrating all types of atrocities and violence,[10][8] left the Valley with loot stolen from the residents.

He also appointed him his Mir Bakhshi (Commander-in-Chief) and married his sister, Kota Rani, who had previously been the Empress consort of Suhadeva.

After the Sultan's demise, Udayanadeva, the brother of Suhadeva, was called back from Swat to claim the throne at the behest of Kota Rani, with the consent of Shah Mir and other nobles, as Haidar was still a minor.

[39] Shamsu'd-Din set up Islamic roots in the early stages of the Sultanate,[33][40] appointing Muslim converts to major posts in the government.

[44] Jamshid worked on the state affairs and infrastructure, constructing various towns and villages and helping the people who were displaced by the Zulju invasion.

[45][46] Meanwhile, Ali Sher, in 1343, after a previously failed attempt, successfully usurped the throne and declared himself as Sultan, during Jamshid's absence in Kamraj.

Alau'd-Din was a just and able ruler, bringing back the peasants who left Kashmir after the Zulju invasion and giving them shelter and bread.

[48] As a broad-minded intellectual, Shihab'ud-Din, in the first half of his tenure, took care of the Sultanate and brought stability to the social and integral structure of Kashmir.

[49] Full of animation and efficiency, Shihab'ud-Din set out to conquer its neighbouring polities, aiming to expand and further glorify his state.

His commander-in-chief (Mir Bakhshi), Malik Candra, on the other hand, subdued Jammu, Kishtwar, Chamba, and other hill states.

[51] After all these conquests, Shihab'ud-Din returned to Srinagar around 1370, seeking to live the rest of his life peacefully, however only a few years later, in 1373, he passed away due to a viral illness.

[66] Shahi Khan, with help and support from Jasrat Khokhar and Jam Tughlaq, turned out victorious and ascended the throne as Sultan Zainu'l-Abidin in 1420.

[68] Referred to as the "Akbar of Kashmir" by modern authors, Zainu'l-Abidin espoused secular motives, calling back the Pandits who left the Valley during the reign of his father and brother.

[70] Relations were improved with foreign countries such as: Bengal, Gujarat, Sindh, and Punjab, forming a mutual alliance with Kashmir.

[71] Trade and agriculture were enhanced, education was encouraged, and religious harmony was established between the two communities (Muslims and Pandits),[72][73][74][69] which was later referred to as Kashmiriyat.

[88] This system was regulated until 1551, when Kashmiris under Nazuk Shah and Daulat Chak hurdled their way through the Mughal defence and killed Dughlat in the chaos.

[94] From 1581 till 1585, Akbar struggled to force Yousuf to ratify his superiority and pay a visit to his court in Fatehpur Sikri.

[100] In Yakub's absence, the Mughals, now under a new commander, Qasim Khan, and Kashmiris, under Shams Chak, faced each other in the Battle of Hastivanj.

[101] The battle ended in Qasim's favor and the Mughal rule was formally instigated on 14 October 1586 while Shams and the Kashmiris were soundly defeated.

The crown was made an exclusive privilege of the Sultan to execute orders and bestow robes of honour on nobles, officials and tributaries.

While Kashmiri monarchy was uniformly laid throughout the Valley, Srinagar served as the most important station with the residence of the Sultan and the office of the Central Record Department.

The Hākim was allowed to form his own government to maintain law and order, collect revenue, and dispense justice in the province.

The Kashmir Sultanate was renowned for its magnificent architecture and heritage, showcasing some of the finest examples of Kashmiri Art and Indo-Persian masterpieces.