Kauman Great Mosque is built in a typical religious Javanese architecture with its triple-tiered roof, lack of minaret, and a serambi.

The mosque also contains a roofed main verandah (serambi), a basic feature in Javanese architecture.

The verandah is surrounded with a small pond, which was used to wash the feet before entering the mosque.

[2] The frontyard of the mosque is grown with trees considered beneficial in Javanese symbology.

During Sekaten ceremony, Pagonan Ler is used to place the gamelan set of Kyai Naga Wilaga, while the Pagongan Kidul is used to place the gamelan set of Kangjeng Kyai Guntur Madu.