Khammouane province covers an area of 16,315 square kilometres (6,299 sq mi), most of which is forested mountainous terrain.

[2] Khammouane province covers an area of 16,315 square kilometres (6,299 sq mi) and is mostly of forested mountainous terrain.

[5] Between the Mekong and the Annamite Range, the Khammouane Plateau features gorges, grottoes, jungles, limestone hills, and rivers.

[7] Tham Khonglor Cave (literally: 'beauty in the dark') is part of the National Protected Forest Area at Hinboun Mountain.

[5] In 1996, scientists discovered a rodent in Khammouan belonging to a taxonomic family (Laonastidae) that had been previously known only from fossils.

The Laotian rock rat or kha-nyou (Laonastes aenigmamus), also called the "rat-squirrel", was formally described as a new species in a 2005 article by Paulina Jenkins et al., who considered the animal to be distinct from all living rodents.

Vietnamese crested argus (Rheinardia ocellata) and Austen's brown hornbill (Anorrhinus austeni) are classified as near threatened.

The IBA is notable for supporting the sooty babbler (Stachyris herberti) and François' langur (Trachypithecus francoisi).

Along with Bolikhamsai and Savannakhet provinces, Khammouane is one of the main tobacco producing areas of Laos.

The provincial government is implementing initiatives to increase the number of events and eco-friendly tourism activities in 2025.

Its construction is attributed to the period of the Sikhottabong Empire in the 19th century and is now proposed to be preserved as a national heritage site.