Khoe–Kwadi languages

Westphal's fieldnotes on Kwadi were still being analyzed as of 2018, with the hope that additional grammatical parallels could be identified.

Güldemann (forthcoming) reports the following reconstructed pronominal system, of a minimal/augmented type: where "E" is an undetermined front vowel and the pronoun base was a deictic like *xa or a generic noun like *kho 'person'.

However, the relationship has some predictive value, for example if the back-vowel constraint, which operates in the Khoe languages but not in Sandawe, is taken into account.

However, there is an additional correspondance: the Kwadi uvular affricate and fricative correspond to both lateral and alveolar clicks in Proto-Khoe, similar to the fifth click series in Proto-Kxʼa, and Fehn & Rocha (2023) hypothesize that a similar development took place in the Khoe–Kwadi languages.

Rather than suggesting a particular phonetic value, as for example implied by the *‼ of Proto-Kxʼa, Fehn & Rocha use the wild-card symbol *Ʞ.