This topic still remains controversial, in part because complete Klüver–Bucy syndrome is rare in humans, particularly compared to monkeys.

[2] Klüver–Bucy syndrome is thought to occur from damage to temporal sections of the limbic networks, which connect to other structures that regulate emotional behavior.

[2] The medial temporal sections of the limbic system can be associated with more primitive functions, such as reproduction, food, and defense.

[7] Klüver did not find the expected impact in response to mescaline, but did observe a series of changes in the subject animals.

[7] Monkeys in the Klüver-Bucy experiment evidently had normal vision and motor skills, but exhibited "psychic blindness" – what Rusiko Bourtchouladze described in 2004 as an inability to recognize "the emotional importance of events".

Social neuroscience research shows that changes in the temporal lobe are commonly identified as a cause for hypersexuality, and other aberrant sexual behaviors.

[14] Medications used to treat these symptoms include carbamazepines, and leuprolide, which help reduce sexual behavior associated with Klüver–Bucy syndrome.

[15] The story was revisited by Radiolab in June 2017, augmented with further discussion with neurologist Dr. Robert Sapolsky, who addressed the syndrome and the associated legal significance of neurological defenses.