[1] Reforms undertaken by Raymond of Capua, brought a renewed growth to the order, and it is around this time in 1397 that a monastery and church was first built for the Dominicans in The Hague.

A thriving new centre of arts was established in The Hague by the Court of Albrecht of Bavaria (1336–1404) and his second wife Margaret of Cleves (ca.

Some known artistic items to have been produced in this period are an important illuminated manuscript, the Hours of Margaret of Cleves commissioned between 1395–1400,[2] and the visually similar Biblia pauperum.

[4] In 1420 a fire raged through the monastery, but serious renovations were not recorded until the church's southern transept was added in the beginning of the 16th century.

The worship space became a pilgrimage church, where people could visit and pass through, while services were being held in the central aisle or nave.

At this time the church was also dedicated to St. Vincent, a Valencian Dominican missionary who was canonized on 3 June 1455, by Pope Calixtus III.

The Grote Kerk in The Hague was in the hands of the Remonstrant party, led by minister Johannes Wtenbogaert and supported by statesman Johan van Oldenbarneveldt.

The Counter-Remonstrants, led by suspended minister Henricus Roseaus, took possession of the Kloosterkerk and commenced their own preaching services there in July 1617.

Later that same month, Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange demonstrated his support for the Counter-Remonstrants (and opposition to Van Oldenbarneveldt) by attending one of their services.

A fresh start was made in 1942 when the congregation of the Duinoordkerk was forced to look for another building; their church had been demolished by order of the occupying Germans.

The Kloosterkerk was made available, initially on a temporary basis but when it appeared that building a new church would be impossible, the congregation was allowed to settle there permanently.

Furniture and works of art which had been saved from the demolition of the Duinoordkerk and stored in the Peace Palace were placed in the Kloosterkerk, including Rosettes in the ceiling are attributed to Gerhard Jansen (1868–1956).