The company was founded on 28 December 2007 by a decision of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship Sejmik and is fully owned by the local government.

At first, the rolling stock consisted of diesel units provided by the Lower Silesian voivodeship government which had previously been used by Przewozy Regionalne (now known as Polregio): one SA106, one SA132, three SA134 and three SA135 Diesel multiple units.

Koleje Dolnośląskie obtained their first electric multiple unit from Przewozy Regionalne in 2013 (it was an EN57AL which had been retrofitted the previous year).

The company also purchased completely new electric vehicles – the first Newag Impuls units (31WE) were ordered in 2011 in a batch of five.

[3] The company uses the following rolling stock:[1] KD passenger trains run on the following routes:[4]