Malayalam calendar

[1][2][3] There are many theories regarding the origin of the era, but according to recent scholarship, it commemorated the foundation of Kollam by Maruwan Sapir Iso, who was the leader of Persian Christian Settlers and trading guilds like Anjuvannam following the liberation of the Kingdom of Venad from the Chola rule by or with the assistance of the Chera emperor at Kodungallur.

[4][5] The Quilon Syrian copper plates were grants and privileges given to the trading guilds involved in the establishment of Kollam by Sthanu Ravi Varma.

[7] Another era, referred to as "Kollam Aḻintha Aandu", counting from 1097 CE, was reckoned by the Cholas for some time.

(रविवार/इतवार) (सोमवार) (ਸੋਮਵਾਰ) (मङ्गलवार) (बुधवार) (ਬੁਧਵਾਰ) (गुरूवार/बृहस्पतिवार) (ਗੁਰੂਵਾਰ/ਵੀਰਵਾਰ) (शुक्रवार) (ਸ਼ੁਕਰਵਾਰ) (शनिवार) (ਸ਼ਨੀਵਾਰ) Like the months above, there are twenty seven stars starting from Aswati (Ashvinī in Sanskrit) and ending in Revatī.

When the Government of Kerala adopted Kolla Varsham as the regional calendar, the first of Chingam, the month of the festival of Onam, was accepted as the Malayalam New Year instead.

The northeast monsoon which starts during mid October is called thulavarsham (rain in the month of thulam).