[3] According to their tradition, they also had a native purchase on the plains on the northern side of Christmas Creek before the advent of whites, but had lost this area to the Walmadjari.
[4] The Gooniyandi comprised numerous inland foraging bands, each harvesting the rich resources of reptiles, crustaceans and fish to be found along their water courses.
[6] Labour was gendered, with men hunting game, which included bustards, echidnas and emus, while the women gathered vegetables, honey and such protein foodstuffs as witchetty grubs and frogs.
They would exchange with southern tribes manufactured goods from the northwest and east like tjimbila, bifaced pressure-flaked stone knives for rites like circumcision and also used for spear blades.
[7] Shellware collected by the Djaui of the Sunday Islands, and bartered with the Warwa and Nyigina in exchange for spears, would in turn be traded by these tribes to the Bunuba and Gooniyandi, who called them tjakuli.