[1][2][3] Stalin was accused of betrayal of the October Revolution, and the sociopolitical work of his regime, especially the secret police NKVD, was compared with that under German Nazi leader Adolf Hitler and the Italian Fascism leader Benito Mussolini, who at this time were in active political struggle against Communism in their countries; both were ideological and political enemies of the Soviet Union.
Creation of the leaflet was greatly motivated by the UPTI affair, which resulted in imprisonments and executions of a number of leading Soviet scientists.
have supposed that its creation was a result of the wide provocation action performed among the Jewish scientists[clarification needed] by the NKVD.
Korets pointed out that the Jewish poet Pavel Kogan was the NKVD's instigator[clarification needed] for the leaflet.
Landau was released thanks to Pyotr Kapitsa's support, but both Korets and Rumer were imprisoned in Gulag labor camps.