This mission was the scientific participation of nine countries (Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, France, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Soviet Union and United States).

Postural tilt tests were conducted during the pre-flight and post-flight periods in several animals to establish a ground-based pool of normal data for this procedure.

The main objective of American participation in the Kosmos 1667 mission was to measure carotid artery pressure and blood flow during the inflight period.

A similar correlative study was performed during the Cosmos 1514 mission, where blood flow velocity was compared to total body cardiac output as determined by impedance cardiography.

Two rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) named Gordyy and Oomka were flown on board the biosatellite.

The newts had part of their front limbs amputated and their crystalline lenses removed to study the possible rate of human recovery from injuries incurred in space.