Koukoulion

The koukoulion (Greek: κουκούλιον; Slavonic: kukol) is a traditional headdress worn by monks and certain patriarchs in Eastern Christianity.

[5] The monks wore a simple cap, often made of coarse and modest fabrics, that was called koukoulion.

[5][6] From the 17th century, following the reforms of Patriarch Nikon, the upper vesture worn by monks of the Great Schema (skhimonakh or megaloskhimos) is in the form of a pointed hood with two long lappets which cover the back and breast.

[10] In addition, Theodore I (990/992 - c. 1023), Isaiah (1078–1090), Leontiy (c.1051-c.1077), Ignatius bishops of Rostov are depicted wearing the white koukoulion as well as Maximos, Metropolitan of all Rus' (1283–1305) and Peter (c. 1260–1326), Jonah (-1461), and Alexius of Moscow (1296–1378) and Vasilii Kalika (1330–352), Moses, and Alexy of Novgorod.

Other evidence, such as the images in the Svyatoslav's Miscellanies and later chrnociles such as Nikon Chronicle and the documents from the 1564 council, also suggest that white headgear was an ancient tradition in Russian lands and predated the 1300s adoption by Vasilii and his successors in Novgorod.