Plíšková won the 2010 Wimbledon Championships junior tournament, beating Sachie Ishizu in straight sets.

[2] On 6 December 2021, Plíšková posted on her Instagram that she was excited to be expecting a baby with footballer Dávid Hancko.,[3] on May 31, 2022, they announced on their social accounts the birth of their son, who was named Adam.

Plíšková eventually won the Wimbledon girls' singles, defeating Sachie Ishizu in the final.

She also competed in the doubles event with her sister Karolína, but they lost to fellow Czechs, Lucie Hradecká and Renata Voráčová, in the first round.

In 2009, Plíšková reached her first ITF Circuit singles final in Pesaro, but was defeated by Anastasia Grymalska.

She then played her first ladies' major event at the US Open and defeated Lauren Albanese and Arantxa Rus, before losing to Lourdes Domínguez Lino in the final qualifying round.

Plíšková qualified for the Wimbledon Championships and won her first Grand Slam main-draw match against Polona Hercog.

Playing in Paris at the WTA indoor event, Plíšková was defeated in the first round of qualifying by Lara Arruabarrena Vecino.

After that, she stayed in Florida to compete at the Oaks Club Challenger where she was beaten in her quarterfinal match by eventual finalist Estrella Cabeza Candela.

Seeded second at the first edition of the Lale Cup, Plíšková fell in her quarterfinal match to Ana Vrljić.

She upset Svetlana Kuznetsova in Wimbledon to reach the third round of a major championship for the first time in her career.

At the Tashkent Open, she went on to win her maiden tour-level title, defeating defending champion Nao Hibino.

At the new WTA Tour event Ladies Open Biel Bienne, she reached the quarterfinals where she lost to her compatriot and later tournament champion, Markéta Vondroušová, in two sets.

At the Birmingham Classic, she and her sister Karolína became the first identical twins in WTA Tour history to play each other in a main-draw match.

[13] Plíšková started her 2021 season at the first edition of the Yarra Valley Classic where she lost in the first round to Vera Zvonareva, in three sets.

[18] Plíšková began her clay-court season at the first edition of the Serbia Open where she lost in the first round to Océane Dodin.

Only main-draw results in WTA Tour, Grand Slam tournaments, Fed Cup/Billie Jean King Cup and Olympic Games are included in win–loss records.