Its name is derived from Afrikaans meaning "Crooked Turn" after a kink in the meandering Crocodile River.

It was established to protect the caves, old gold mines, fossil sites, trout farm and a game reserve in the area.

A well known fossil site is also named Kromdraai and it, along with such sites as Sterkfontein,[1] Coopers, Swartkrans and Plovers Lake form part of the conservancy.

Part of the Kromdraai conservancy also falls within the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site, proclaimed by UNESCO in 1998.

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