Kudurru

[1][2][3] The original kudurru would typically be stored in a temple while the person granted the land would be given a clay copy to use to confirm legal ownership.

because early epigraphers frequently found that word in the text and assumed they were placed in agricultural setting, not the temples they actually were.

Two kudurrus of Nebuchadnezzar I (1121–1100 BC) record his victory over the Elamites and his recovery of the cult statue of Marduk, the city god of Babylon, captured years earlier.

Other kudurru record legal cases, usually when loss of life is involved, making it the domain of the ruler.

Finally, some kudurru record gifts of prebends (income from land for temples or priests) or royal relief from taxes or labor for individuals.