Kuélap

Kuélap[1][2] or Cuélap[3] is a walled settlement located in the mountains near the towns of María and Tingo, in the southern part of the region of Amazonas, Peru.

Kuélap is located on a limestone ridge on top of a mountain at an elevation of 3000 metres, on the left bank of the Utcubamba River.

[2] A 5.5-meter-high structure, now known as El Tintero (Spanish for "inkwell") or Templo Mayor ("main [or major] temple"), in the southwest of the settlement has the shape of an inverted cone.

[1] To the north of Pueblo Alto, a towerlike structure named Torreón ("big tower") rises to 7 meters; it may have been used for defensive purposes, as stone weapons have been found within it.

Kuélap was also studied by archaeologists Ernst Middendorf (1887); Adolf Bandelier (1940); spouses Henry and Paule Reichlen (1948); and Arturo Ruíz (1972).

Access to Kuelap is gained via El Tingo, a town at approximately 1800m above sea level, near the bank of the Utcubamba.

A horse trail also winds along the left bank of Tingo river and leads eventually up to Marcapampa, a small level upland near the site.

El Tintero
Detail of a relief at Kuelap.
Partial view of the site.
The massive walls that protected the fortress.