The history of Kutná Hora is linked to silver mining, which made it a rich and rapidly developing town.

The historic town centre is also protected as an urban monument reservation, the fourth largest in the Czech Republic.

The large concentration of monuments and its inclusion on the UNESCO list make Kutná Hora a significant tourist destination.

The eastern part of the municipal territory lies in a flat agricultural landscape in the Central Elbe Table.

Archaeological finds show that the area around the Kaňk hill was populated by Celts during the Hallstatt and La Tène periods.

At the Celtic settlement site between Libenice and Kaňk, numerous ceramic finds from the 5th–1st century BC were discovered in 1981.

One of the most important finds is a smelting furnace with 10 kg of slag from the 2nd–1st century BC with traces of pyrrhotine, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and copper, which also testify to early underground mining in the Kaňk hill.

The abbey's economic problems were solved by the discovery of silver near Sedlec, which attracted new settlers, especially from nearby German-speaking regions.

[5] In 1300, King Wenceslaus II issued the new royal mining code Ius regale montanorum [cs].

After several bloody skirmishes, Sigismund prevailed and forced the defenders to march to Kolín and kneel in subjugation.

Although Sigismund was successful in his conquest, his hetman Markvart of Úlice died after being struck by an arrow during the siege on 27 December.

[9] In 1420, Sigismund made the town the base for his unsuccessful attack on the Taborites during the Hussite Wars, leading to the Battle of Kutná Hora.

The development of the town was interrupted in 1421, when the Hussites burned down the Sedlec Abbey and captured Kutná Hora.

Two major raids by the Swedish army in 1639 and 1643 caused extensive damage to the town and a reduction in population.

At the beginning of the 19th century, Kutná Hora was still among the larger towns in the Czech lands, but its importance was declining.

[10] Together with the rest of Bohemia, the town became part of the newly founded Czechoslovakia after World War I and the collapse of Austria-Hungary.

[13] The largest employer with headquarters in Kutná Hora is Foxconn Technology CZ, a manufacturer of electronic components with more than 1,500 employees.

[15] Since 1961, the historic town centre is protected as an urban monument reservation, the fourth largest in the Czech Republic with an area of 61 ha (150 acres).

Architects and builders Master Hanuš, Matěj Rejsek and Benedikt Rejt participated in further construction stages in the 15th century.

[29] The Church of Saint John of Nepomuk was built in the Baroque style in 1734–1752, on the site of houses that was destroyed by the 1730 fire.

It was built according to the design by František Maxmilián Kaňka, but other important artists of the Baroque era also participated in its creation.

The Ursuline Convent was built in the Baroque style in 1738–1743 according to the design by Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer, but only three wings were completed.

The large complex had an area of 20 ha (49 acres) at its peak and belonged to the largest and wealthiest monasteries of the Czech lands in the Middle Ages.

At the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries, the church acquired a unique Baroque-Gothic form according to the design of the architect Jan Santini Aichel.

It is estimated that the ossuary is decorated with bones of more than 40,000 skeletons that belonged to those who died from plague epidemics and the Hussite Wars.

The unique decoration, the main element of which is a chandelier composed of all the large bones of the human body, was created by the carver František Rint.

[35] Kutná Hora is twinned with:[36] A recreation of the town as it existed in 1403 is prominently featured in the Czech role-playing game Kingdom Come: Deliverance II.