[1] Although Uzbekistan has not shown overt expansionist tendencies, the Kyrgyz government is acutely aware of the implications of Karimov's assertions that he is responsible for the well-being of all Uzbeks, regardless of their nation of residence.

After the collapse of Russian Empire in 1917, the Basmachi Revolt had emerged into a total Central Asian war.

Due to lack of skills and preparation, the Revolt soon failed and the Russians, now under Soviet Union rule, restored the order again.

During World War II, many Caucasian peoples (Georgians, Azerbaijanis, Armenians, Circassians, etc.)

In 1990, near the collapse of Soviet Union, Osh riots had happened, killing nearly 1000 people, mainly ethnic Kyrgyzs and Uzbeks.