In medieval times the counties of Lüchow and Dannenberg occupied the area (from the early 12th century on).

These counties were originally Slavic states that lost their independence to the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg in the beginning of the 14th century.

To save money spent for administration a major municipal reform is currently discussed.

It is better known as the Wendland, a designation referring to the Slavic people of the Wends from Obotrite tribe Drevani, who lived there till the 18th century — the last known user of the local dialect of Polabian language died in 1752.

In addition, the Wendland is known for the small village of Gorleben (part of the Samtgemeinde Gartow), where the establishment of a final disposal place for radioactive waste is planned.