The county was located in the eastern part of Greater Romania, in the center of the historical region of Bessarabia.

The area returned to Romanian administration as the Bessarabia Governorate following the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union in July 1941.

A military administration was established and the region's Jewish population was either executed on the spot or deported to Transnistria, where further numbers were killed.

In the year 1930, the county's urban population was 119,672, of which 41.2% were ethnic Romanians, 37.3% Jews, 16.6% Russians, 1.2% Poles, as well as other minorities.

[5] From a religious point of view, the urban population consisted of 58.4% Eastern Orthodox, 37.7% Jewish, 1.5% Roman Catholic, as well as other minorities.