LGBTQ bullying

LGBTQ students may try to pass as heterosexual and/or cisgender to escape the bullying, leading to further stress and isolation from available supports.

Explicit homophobic and transphobic violence consists of overt acts that make subjects feel uncomfortable, hurt, humiliated or intimidated.

[citation needed] This contributes to normalizing such acts that become accepted as either a routine disciplinary measure or a means to resolve conflicts among students.

[7][8][9][10] The absence of effective policies, protection or remedies contributes to a vicious cycle where incidents become increasingly normal.

It consists of pervasive representations or attitudes that sometimes feel harmless or natural to the school community, but that allow or encourage homophobia and transphobia, including perpetuating harmful stereotypes.

Policies and guidelines can reinforce or embed these representations or attitudes, whether in an individual institution or across an entire education sector.

[12][13][11] Examples of implicit homophobic and transphobic violence include: Egale Canada, along with previous research, has found teachers and school administration may be complicit in LGBT bullying through their silence and/or inaction.

[20] LGBT and questioning youth who experience bullying have a higher incidence of substance abuse and sexually transmitted infections.

[24] For LGBT individuals, MDD can be caused by any of the following: self-esteem, pressure to conform, minority stress, coming out, family rejection, parenting, relationship formation, and violence.

[16][34] A 1998 study in the US by Mental Health America found that students heard anti-gay slurs such as "homo", "faggot" and "sissy" about 26 times a day on average, or once every 14 minutes.

According to the said law, gender-based bullying is defined as ˮany act that humiliates or excludes a person on the basis of perceived or actual sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI)ˮ.