Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in the Czech Republic are granted some protections, but may still face legal difficulties not experienced by non-LGBT residents.

A 2013 Pew Research Center poll showed that 59% of Czechs thought that homosexuality should be accepted by society, the second highest rate among the Eastern Europe countries surveyed.

[4][5] Same-sex sexual activity was decriminalized in 1962 after scientific research by Kurt Freund led to the conclusion that homosexual orientation cannot be changed (see the History of penile plethysmograph).

[10][11][12][13] However, on 16 December 2005, a new registered partnership bill was passed by the Czech House of Representatives; it was adopted by the Senate on 26 January 2006, but later vetoed by President Václav Klaus.

[26][27][28] A vote on the same-sex marriage bill was expected to take place in January 2019, but it was moved to March 2019,[29][30] and ultimately lapsed with the October 2021 election.

However, individuals who live in same-sex relationships (be it informal or registered partnerships) can adopt a child concurrently, thus bringing parental rights to both.

[37] In 2009, a comprehensive anti-discrimination law was passed, which prohibits discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity in employment, education, housing and access to goods and services.

[42] Hormonal treatment is prescribed by Sexology and can be obtained after living in the preferred social role for at least one year with a positive evaluation from Psychology and Endocrinology.

[44] Transgender related surgeries including those necessary for the gender marker change require an approval by a committee at the Ministry of Health.

"[46] In May 2024, the constitutional court ruled that forced surgery and sterilization of transgender individuals is unconstitutional and gave the government 18 months (until June 2025) to change the laws.

[38][failed verification] In 2004, the Army of the Czech Republic refused to enter the service of a trans woman, Jaroslava Brokešová, who had previously undergone an official transition, according to assessing doctors.

The new rules do not allow blood donation for all people who report having anal sex with a new sexual partner in the past 4 months.

[56] In 2004, public opinion showed a strong level of support for registered partnerships for same-sex couples, with 60% agreeing with such a law.

In general, those opposing the extension of gay rights across the survey more frequently identified themselves as poor, right-leaning, pensioners and Roman Catholics.

Gay men from over 120 countries were asked about how they feel about society's view on homosexuality, how do they experience the way they are treated by other people and how satisfied are they with their lives.

[68] In June 2019, according to a survey conducted between 4–14 May 2019 by CVVM, 48% of respondents said that homosexuality would not cause difficulties in coexistence with people in the city or community where they live, while 42% disagreed.

[71] The 2023 Eurobarometer found that 60% of Czechs thought same-sex marriage should be allowed throughout Europe, and 70% agreed that "there is nothing wrong in a sexual relationship between two persons of the same sex".

[72] In contrast to the limitations of the communist era, the Czech Republic has become socially relatively liberal since the Velvet Revolution in 1989, and is one of the most gay-friendly countries in the European Union.

[citation needed] This increasing tolerance is probably helped by the low levels of religious belief in the country, particularly when compared to its neighbours Poland, Austria and Slovakia.

The city has a large and well-developed gay nightlife scene, particularly centred around the district of Vinohrady, with at least 20 bars and clubs and 4 saunas.