LHD (load, haul, dump machine)

Their narrower, longer, and lower profile make them most suitable for underground applications where height and width are limited.

The power train consists of a closed-loop hydraulic transmission, parking brakes, a two-stage gearbox, and drive lines.

[1] For electric shock safety, these LHDs' power source (gate end box) is equipped with earth conductivity protection using pilot core[3] in electric trailing cable, which isolates complete power when earth continuity is broken.

Most LHDs come equipped with remote control capabilities, which are crucial for clearing materials in areas where the stope lacks top protection, preventing loose muck from falling off.

Some LHD models offer remote tramming functionality, enabling them to handle a daily ore capacity of 8000 tons.

[4] Two LHD OEM's (Caterpillar and Sandvik) have developed commercial auto-tramming systems - called Minegem and Automine respectively.