Labor rights
Workers organized in trade unions exercise the right to collective bargaining to improve working conditions.
One of the leaders of the revolt, John Ball, famously argued that people were born equal saying, "When Adam delved and Eve span, who was then the gentleman?"
For instance, English peasants fought against the enclosure movement, which took traditionally communal lands and made them private.
Identified by the International Labour Organization (ILO) in the Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work,[2] core labor standards are "widely recognized to be of particular importance".
[5] They have been incorporated into different provisions that are related to labor in soft law instruments such as the UN's Global Compact, the OECD Guidelines, and the ILO MNE Declaration.
Labor rights advocates have worked to improve workplace conditions that meet established standards.
During the Progressive Era, the United States began workplace reforms, which received publicity boosts from Upton Sinclair's The Jungle and events such as the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire.
Payton and Woo's study shows that even though "workers may not see drastic increases in minimum wages but they will benefit marginally from better enforcement of existing minimum wage laws or other protections granted in law, gradually improving overall working conditions, as more FDI flows in.
[20] As companies outsource their work to workers from lower-wage countries, governments will relax their regulations to attract businesses.
Layna Mosley's study shows that collective labor rights have declined since the recent global expansion started.
Employers take advantage of child labor because they lack the ability to bargain collectively and compromise to work at an unpleasant workplace.
[30] In the United States, the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA) restricts the employment of children.
Firstly, there is the provision of Statutory Maternity Pay, which ensures that a minimum payment is made during the leave period.
Secondly, there is the right to maternity leave, which guarantees that women can take time off work and return to their job afterward.
For instance, migrants have faced a number of alleged abuses in the United Arab Emirates (including Dubai).
Human Rights Watch lists several problems including "nonpayment of wages, extended working hours without overtime compensation, unsafe working environments resulting in death and injury, squalid living conditions in labor camps, and withholding of passports and travel documents by employers.
[34] The United Arab Emirates was condemned in a report issued in April 2021 by the Democracy Centre for Transparency calling out the nation for its abuse and discrimination of foreigners and expatriates against Emirati citizens.
According to DCT, foreigners and expatriates in the UAE are often subjected to gender and wage discrimination, racialization, trafficking, and forced labor.
As per the research conducted by the DCT, these issues remain unreported due to the threat and intimidation from their employers in the form of job loss or fabricated criminal charges.
The DCT concluded its report urging the UAE to address the issues and put an end to the racial hierarchy and discrimination against non-citizens.
[37][38] Koelnmesse, the company responsible for managing the pavilion representing Germany at the Expo 2020 reportedly signed an agreement with the Emirati Transguard Group for laundry, cleaning, and security services.
Qatar has received a lot of criticism over the way it treats its workers, including those that have worked on FIFA World Cup projects.
Many migrant workers are not getting basic labor rights mainly because they do not speak the local language, regardless of legal status.
However, the supreme court case Hoffman Plastic Compounds, Inc. v. NLRB established that backpay could not be awarded to unlawfully fired undocumented employees due to the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986.
The decision of the Hoffman supreme court case has primarily affected undocumented laborers by preventing them from getting backpay and/or reinstatement.
Entering the 20th century African Americans moved from the South into the North only to find that there was discrimination in economic opportunities.
This eventually led to the creation of black codes and Jim Crow laws to limit the ability of African Americans to create a living for themselves.
these were enforced for public pools, phone booths, hospitals, asylums, jails and residential homes for the elderly and handicapped and more.
"[52][58] The ILO produces the data for Sustainable Development Goal 8.8.2, which measures the "Level of national compliance with labor rights (freedom of association and collective bargaining) based on International Labour Organization (ILO) textual sources and national legislation, by sex and migrant status.
