The region has historically been a major silk-producing center in Iran and was indeed the country's first area for tea cultivation, set out by Prince Mohammad Mirza, known as "Kashef-ol-Saltaneh."

The western Alborz itself, to the east of the Safid-rud valley, is wider and more intricate, with three parallel (WNW-ESE) ranges; the southernmost and lowest one is represented in Gilan by the Asman-sara Kuh in the Ammarlu district; the medium one is the most continuous, from the Kuh-e-Dalfak to the Keram Kuh, whereas the transverse valley of Polrud clearly divides the northern range into Kuh-e-Natesh and Kuh-e-Somam or Somamus, the highest spot of Gilan.

This large parallelogram of lowlands is heterogeneous and can be divided into two main parts: The delta of the Safid-rud in the east and the Fumanat plain in the west.

The higher part is made out of coarse ancient alluvial material, whereas in the lower part, north of Astaneh-e Ashrafiyyeh, the river often changed its course through thin silty and clayey material; it has thus abandoned its former northeastward course, which flowed into the sea at the prominent angle of the plain near Dastak, and presently flows northwards and builds a smaller living delta jutting out into the Caspian between Zibakenar and Bandar kiashahr.

On the contrary, the streams of northern Talesh and eastern Gilan, even the more abundant Polrud, do not bring alluvium enough to counterbalance the action of a coastal current going eastward, and thus could not build more than a narrow ribbon of lowlands, only a few kilometers wide between Astara and Safid-rud and to the east of Qasemabad, and some 10 km wide at the mouth of the Polrud around kelachay.

The topographic position of the Caspian lowlands results in a very characteristic Hyrcanian climate, and the whole province of Gilan belongs to this humid and green area.

Prevailing north-south atmospheric currents, humidified over the Caspian, are forced to a vigorous ascendancy by the mighty barrier of Alborz and thus pour abundant rainfall all year long on both the plain and the north-western slope of the mountains.

Freezing temperatures are seldom reported in the coastal areas; however, it is not odd for Lahijan to experience periods of near blizzard conditions during the winter.

Keshavarzi - Khamir Kalaye - Gharib Abad - Amir Shahid - Pordesar - Shishe Garan - Ordubazar - Khazar St. - Karegar (Shahid Rajayi)- Andisheh - Shahrake Salman - Shahrake Janbazan - Yousef Abad - Chahar Padeshahan - Sardare Jangal - Shoron Maleh - Khoramshahr - Ghiam St. - Bolvar St. - Nima St. - Jire Sar - Koucheh Bargh - Malek-e-Ashtar - Bazkia Gorab - Shaghayegh St. - East & West Kashef St. - Hazin St. - Sheikh Zahed Village - 22 Aban - Shahid Karimi St. - Bazar Rooz 1 2 3 4 - Shahrake Tarbiat Mo'allem - Shahrake Farhangian - Kamarbandi - Pomp Benzin - Golestan Alleies - Azadegan St. - Taleghani St. - Sher Bafan - Ghasab Mohaleh - Lashidan-e-Hokomati - Lashidan - Tarbiat Mo'allem St. - Assyed Yamani Alley - Abshar & Damaneh - Gabaneh - Karvan Sara Bar - Fayath St. - Hassan Bigdesht - Haji Abad - Asour Meli - Javaher Poshteh - Kord-e-Mahaleh - Namak Abi - Koi Zamani - .

Sustan, also known as Soustan, is a diminutive village nestled in the southern region of Lahijan, characterized by its division into two distinct districts: Upper and Lower.

Functionally, Soustan'sal plays a vital role in the local agricultural landscape, serving as a critical irrigation source for the surrounding tea fields and paddy lands.

This mining site is of substantial economic significance, as contractors extract tens of thousands of tonnes of sand annually from this locality.

Displaying ingenuity, Kashef, the inaugural mayor of Tehran and an Iranian ambassador to British-ruled India, concealed his true identity by posing as a French laborer to glean insights into tea production.

Successfully executing his plan, he transported 3,000 saplings from the Kangra region in Northern India, utilizing his diplomatic immunity to avert scrutiny.

With its mild weather, soil quality and fresh spring water, Lahijan stands to have the largest area of tea cultivation in Iran.

Today, the country's tea industry is deep in trouble as the verdant gardens that once sustained millions of farmers and their workers are used only for grazing and other personal purposes.

Despite having one of the world's most avid tea-drinking populations, the Iranian tea economy is reeling from an influx of foreign imports and smugglers who, as per the complaints of local traders, often have close family ties to powerful figures in the Islamic government.

Covering an extensive area of 17 hectares and boasting a maximum depth of 4 meters, the reservoir is replenished by water flowing from the mountains.

There were plans to build an expansive palace on the reservoir's island, intended to serve as a residence for Shah Abbas Safavid during his visits to Lahijan.

The historical and geographical significance of the Lahijan Pool makes it an important landmark within the region, attracting visitors for its natural beauty and cultural associations.

The traditional ritual of stone beating, known as "karb" in Persian, is a symbolic practice prevalent in several parts of Iran, often associated with mourning and commemorative ceremonies.

The ritual involves the rhythmic striking of two pieces of stone against the sides of a mourner's body, following specific methods and movements, accompanied by mournful songs.

The performance of this ceremony demands considerable physical strength from the participants and remains a significant cultural and religious practice in certain areas, such as Lahijan and Aran (Kashan), as well as Semnan and Sabzevar.

In certain villages in Gilan, including Mashk, Lasht, and Rudbeneh in Lahijan, long Karnas, constructed from reeds with a staff-like bend made of squash at one end and a wooden mouthpiece at the other, are employed during Ashura ceremonies.

These unique trumpets, known as "martyrdom songs," find use in passion plays and other Ashurayi ceremonies, with alternating performances by a singer and a group of Karna players during specific rituals.

Among the popular dishes are Mirza Ghassemi, Torshe'tare, Bademjan'khoroush, Sir'vabichke Morgh-e-Lako, Baghali ghatogh, Torshe Tare, Koii Khorosh, Sir ghalieh, Alo Mosama, Naz Khatoon, Chaghar Tameh, Anarbij, Shesh Andaz, Shirin Tare, Sirabij, Khali Ovei, Chakhardameh, Motonjen, Loongi, Ghorabij, Mahi Febij, Vavishkah, Torshe Shami, Shami, Halichoe, Kaleh kabab, and Tabironey.