Lambert le Bègue

He refused to pay an increase in the annual tribute to the collegiate chapter of St. Pauls' and was reassigned to the smaller chapel of St. Christopher on the outskirts of the city.

[2] At the diocesan synod of 1166 he spoke out against the abuses of the clergy, protesting against simony, the ordination of sons of priests,[1] and certain customs in the administration of the Sacrament of Baptism and the celebration of Mass.

The foundation of such groups reflected the general flowering of the religious life among the laity in the towns of northern Europe during the late Middle Ages.

The communities of beguines also served as refuges for women left widowed or unmarried by the participation of large numbers of men in the Crusades.

They abound with quotations, not only from the Bible, but also from the Fathers of the Church, such as St. Gregory, St. Augustine and St. Bernard, and even from profane authors like Ovid, Virgil and Cicero.