[9] This position is followed by Adelaar (2005), who excludes Lampung from his Malayo-Sumbawan grouping—which includes Sundanese, Madurese, and Malayo-Chamic-BSS (comprising Malayic,[a] Chamic, and Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa languages).

[5][10] Among the Javo-Sumatran languages, Nothofer mentions that Sundanese is perhaps the closest to Lampung, as both languages share the development of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (PMP) *R > y and the metathesis of the initial and medial consonants of Proto-Austronesian *lapaR > Sundanese palay 'desire, tired' and Lampung palay 'hurt of tired feet'.

[8] While the Javo-Sumatran/Malayo-Javanic grouping as a whole has been criticized or outright rejected by various linguists,[11][12] a closer connection between Lampung and Sundanese has been supported by Anderbeck (2007), on the basis that both languages share more phonological developments with each other than with Adelaar's Malayo-Chamic-BSS.

[13] Smith (2017) notes that Lampung merges PMP *j with *d, which is a characteristic of his tentative Western Indonesian (WIn) subgroup.

Smith identifies some WIn lexical innovations in Lampung, but it is hard to tell whether these words are inherited from Proto-WIn or borrowed later from Malay.

[6] Lampung dialects are most commonly classified according to their realizations of Proto-Lampungic final *a, which is retained in some varieties, but realized as [o] in others.

[17] Walker (1975) uses the names Pesisir/Paminggir for the A-dialect and Abung for the O-dialect,[18] but Matanggui (1984) argues that these are misnomers, as each of them is more commonly associated with a specific tribe instead of the whole dialect group.

[23] While many researchers consider Komering as part of Lampung Api, Hanawalt argues that there is enough linguistic and sociological differences to break down the western chain into two or more subdivisions; he thus proposes a Komering dialect chain, separate from Lampung Api.

A large percentage of speakers in these areas almost exclusively use Lampung at home, and use Indonesian on more formal occasions.

[26][27] In the market where people of different backgrounds meet, a mix of languages is used, including local lingua franca like Palembang Malay.

[29][30] The program came to a halt during an interlude following the outbreak of World War II, but the government resumed it several years after Indonesian independence.

[31] This demographic shift is also reflected in language usage; the 1980 census reported that 78% of the province's population were native speakers of either Javanese, Sundanese, Madurese, or Balinese.

[34] The university once also held an associate degree in Lampung language study, but the program was temporarily halted in 2007 due to a change in regulation.

[35] Similarly, he notes that the /o/ phoneme previously posited for Komering by Abdurrahman and Yallop[37] is better reanalyzed as an allophone of /ə/.

[38] Nyo varieties differ from the rest of Lampungic isolects by reflecting Proto-Lampungic final *a in open syllable as /o/.

[16] This diphthongization of final vowels in open syllables occurs in all Nyo varieties, except in the Jabung subdialect.

[37] There are various phonetic realizations of /r/ within the Lampungic cluster, but it is usually a velar or uvular fricative ([x], [ɣ], [χ], or [ʁ]) in most dialects.

[40] Walker lists /x/ (with a voiced allophone [ɣ] between vocals) and /r/ as separate phonemes for Way Lima subdialect, although he comments that the latter mostly appears in unassimilated loanwords, and is often interchangeable with [x].

Gemination often happens to consonants preceded by penultimate schwa or historical voiceless nasal (which got reduced to the stop component).