Roth is a Landkreis (district) in Middle Franconia, Bavaria, Germany.

It is bounded by (from the northeast and clockwise) the districts of Nürnberger Land, Neumarkt, Eichstätt, Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen, Ansbach and Fürth, and the cities of Schwabach and Nürnberg.

In medieval times the area was ruled by many lords.

Brandenburg-Ansbach and Nuremberg owned possessions in the territory, and other parts were the property of clerical states.

When these clerical states were dissolved in 1803, the territory fell to Bavaria.