It is first documented as civitas holm in a 961 deed issued by King Otto I of Germany, then located in the Slavic lands beyond the southeastern borders of the Duchy of Saxony along the Saale River.

Held by the Saxon noble House of Wettin, it was rebuilt when Margrave Conrad of Meissen ceded the March of Lusatia with Landsberg to his son Theodoric I in 1156.

A loyal follower of the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick Barbarossa, Theoderic accompanied him on his Italian campaign of 1176/77 against the cities of the Lombard League and witnessed the peace negotiations leading to the Treaty of Venice.

Severely damaged during the Thirty Years' War, the Landsberg double chapel about 1658/62 was restored at the behest of the Wettin duke Christian I of Saxe-Merseburg.

[5] The blue Landsberg Pales appear on the coat of arms of numerous towns and cities in Central Germany, such as Chemnitz, Dresden (in black), and Leipzig.