It convenes in Stuttgart and currently consists of 154 members of five political parties.

The majority before the 2021 election was a coalition of the Alliance 90/The Greens and the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), supporting the cabinet of Green Minister-President Winfried Kretschmann.

After the elections of 14 March 2021, the composition of the Landtag is as follows: Elections are conducted using a mixed-member proportional representation system, with a minimum of 5% vote share to receive any seats.

However, there are some exceptions, making the Baden-Württemberg election system one of the most complicated in Germany.

Proportionality is maintained by parties awarding remaining seats to candidates within a party who didn't win a geographic district (a Zweitmandat, or "second mandate") ordered by most to least popular (e.g. a candidate losing with 47% of the vote would be placed ahead of a candidate losing with 20% of votes in their district).