The earliest traces of human activity on the territory of present-day Langon date back to around 10,000 BCE, in the Mesolithic era.

It is in the records of this Abbey that the name of the parish is written using various Latin spellings ("Langedon", "Langeco", "Lanco", and "Lancon").

In the 19th century, the arrival of the railroad through town brought a dynamic economic development and prosperity that had never been experienced.

Many different eras of history are represented in the surrounding area: the Neolithic with the town's megaliths, the Roman era with the Chapelle de Sainte Agathe and a segment of a Roman road in the town, the Modern Era with its numerous mansions, the Corbinières viaduct and, 2 kilometres to the north, the Porte de la Roche (a monument commemorating the villagers shot by the retreating German army near the end of World War II).

The chapelle Sainte-Agathe, with a history of 18 centuries, is famous for the Roman paintings on the inside.

To this day, a Roman fresco depicting Venus emerging from the water and surrounded by all sorts of fish has survived.