Lanong

This was spurred by the rising demand for slave labor in the Dutch East Indies as well as growing enmity between the Moro Sultanates and the European colonial powers.

Each year, Dutch, Spanish, and English colonies in the region were warned of the "pirate wind", from August to September, when the Iranun and Banguingui ships would traditionally start raiding.

The sheer scale of the raids led to the disruption and cessation of traditional trade routes in the Sulu Sea.

This contributed to the 19th-century economic decline of the Sultanates of Brunei, Sulu, and Maguindanao, eventually leading to the collapse of the latter two states.

[2][5][6] Spanish authorities and native Christian Filipinos responded to the Moro slave raids by building watchtowers and forts across the Philippine archipelago.

Major command posts were built in Manila, Cavite, Cebu, Iloilo, Zamboanga, and Iligan.

Defending ships were also built by local communities, especially in the Visayas Islands, including the construction of war "barangayanes" (balangay) that were faster than the Moro raiders and could give chase.

As resistance against raiders increased, lanong were eventually replaced by the smaller and faster garay (which did not have outriggers) in the early 19th century.

By this time, the Spanish had also acquired steam gunboats (vapor),[note 2] which could easily overtake and destroy the native Moro warships.