Born into the Swedish noble Gyllenhaal family, as the fourth child and only son of Lorentz Herman Gyllenhaal (1757–1830) and his wife, Baroness Hedvig Margareta Leuhusen (1763–1857), daughter of Baron Carl Leuhausen (1724–1795) and Juliana Margareta Nordencrantz (1743–1769).

Gyllenhaal was "president," in the Göta Court of Appeals 1836–1855, Prime Minister for Justice 1843–1844.

HedLLA 43 (Honorary Member of the Agriculture Academy 1843) RoKKMO 51 (Knight and Commander of the Orders of His Majesty the King 1851).

He married firstly Henrika Lovisa Ulrika Tham (1791–1816), daughter of Casper Tham (1750–1805) and his wife, Baroness Elisabeth Albertina Margareta von Knorring (1765–1802), both of descending from German nobility.

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