[1] The reserve lies immediately south of Lauca National Park and in its southern portion is contiguous to Salar de Surire Natural Monument, all of which form Lauca Biosphere Reserve.

This dry puna ecosystem is home to high-elevation wildlife, including vicuñas, for which the reserve is named.

Typical vegetation includes pajonal, tolar and llaretal formations.

The plant Polylepis tomentella, one of the highest-elevation shrubs known, can be found here.

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