Irrigation sprinkler

[citation needed] Sprinkler irrigation is the method of applying water in a controlled manner in way similar to rainfall.

Rainguns are similar to impact sprinklers, except that they generally operate at very high pressures of 2.8 to 9.0 bar (280 to 900 kPa; 40 to 130 lbf/in2) and flows of 3 to 76 L/s (50 to 1,200 US gal/min), usually with nozzle diameters in the range of 10 to 50 mm (0.5 to 1.9 in).

Most irrigation sprinklers operate through electric and hydraulic technology and are grouped together in zones that can be collectively turned on and off by actuating a solenoid valve.

These ad hoc systems, while doing the job of the buried pipes and fixed sprinkler heads, interfered with cultivation and were expensive to maintain.

Upon activation, the solenoid, which sits on top of the valve is magnetized lifting a small stainless steel plunger in its center.

By doing this, the activated (or raised) plunger allows water to escape from the top of a rubber diaphragm located in the center of the valve.

[5] In 2017, it was reported that use of common garden hoses in combination with spray nozzles may generate aerosols containing droplets smaller than 10 μm (0.39 mils), which can be inhaled by nearby people.

Clinical cases of Legionnaires' disease or Pontiac fever have been found to be associated with inhalation of garden hose aerosols containing Legionella bacteria.

The report provides measured microbial densities resulting from controlled hose conditions in order to quantify the human health risks.